Γ-W1-T2: the master bus — a true-peak limiter whose ceiling is a theorem, the meter's published half, and the plugin's first PDC report

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2026-08-01 19:05:57 -04:00
parent 4fa021edae
commit 3baf4ee50b
17 changed files with 1187 additions and 65 deletions
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// limiter.cpp — see limiter.h.
#include "core/instrument/engine/limiter.h"
#include <algorithm>
#include <cmath>
namespace reasampler::instrument::engine {
namespace {
constexpr int kProtoLen = kLimiterOversample * kLimiterOsTaps + 1; // 33: odd, so phase 0 is exact
double sincPi(double x) {
if (x == 0.0) return 1.0;
const double a = 3.14159265358979323846 * x;
return std::sin(a) / a;
}
} // namespace
double limiterCeilingLinear() { return std::pow(10.0, kLimiterCeilingDbTp / 20.0); }
int limiterLookaheadSamples(double sampleRate) {
if (!(sampleRate > 0.0)) return 0;
const int n = static_cast<int>(kLimiterLookaheadSeconds * sampleRate + 0.5);
// One sample above the detector's group delay is the floor: the smoothing window must have
// at least one entry of its own for the no-overshoot bound to say anything.
return n > kLimiterOsDelay ? n : kLimiterOsDelay + 1;
}
void Limiter::prepare(double sampleRate) {
latency_ = limiterLookaheadSamples(sampleRate);
if (latency_ <= 0) latency_ = kLimiterOsDelay + 1;
window_ = latency_ - kLimiterOsDelay + 1;
ceiling_ = static_cast<float>(limiterCeilingLinear());
const double rate = sampleRate > 0.0 ? sampleRate : 48000.0;
releaseCoeff_ = static_cast<float>(1.0 - std::exp(-1.0 / (kLimiterReleaseSeconds * rate)));
mixStep_ = static_cast<float>(1.0 / (kLimiterCrossfadeSeconds * rate));
// Windowed-sinc polyphase interpolator, built here because it costs transcendentals.
// Phase 0's taps all land on sinc zeros except the centre, so it is an exact delay and is
// read straight out of the history instead of being convolved.
for (int p = 0; p < kLimiterOversample; ++p) {
for (int k = 0; k < kLimiterOsTaps; ++k) {
const int i = kLimiterOversample * k + p;
const double centred = static_cast<double>(i) - (kProtoLen - 1) / 2.0;
const double hann =
0.5 - 0.5 * std::cos(2.0 * 3.14159265358979323846 * i / (kProtoLen - 1));
osTaps_[p][k] = static_cast<float>(sincPi(centred / kLimiterOversample) * hann);
}
}
delayL_.assign(static_cast<std::size_t>(latency_), 0.f);
delayR_.assign(static_cast<std::size_t>(latency_), 0.f);
wedgeVal_.assign(static_cast<std::size_t>(window_), 1.f);
wedgeIdx_.assign(static_cast<std::size_t>(window_), 0);
avgRing_.assign(static_cast<std::size_t>(window_), 1.f);
reset();
}
void Limiter::clearState() {
std::fill(delayL_.begin(), delayL_.end(), 0.f);
std::fill(delayR_.begin(), delayR_.end(), 0.f);
delayPos_ = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < kLimiterOsTaps; ++i) { histL_[i] = 0.f; histR_[i] = 0.f; }
histPos_ = 0;
wedgeHead_ = 0;
wedgeCount_ = 0;
pushIndex_ = 0;
std::fill(avgRing_.begin(), avgRing_.end(), 1.f);
avgSum_ = static_cast<double>(window_);
avgPos_ = 0;
releaseGain_ = 1.f;
}
void Limiter::reset() {
clearState();
active_ = target_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed);
mix_ = active_ ? 1.f : 0.f;
primeRemaining_ = 0;
}
void Limiter::setEnabled(bool on) { target_.store(on, std::memory_order_relaxed); }
float Limiter::detectTruePeak(float xl, float xr, bool stereo) {
histPos_ = (histPos_ + 1) & (kLimiterOsTaps - 1);
histL_[histPos_] = xl;
if (stereo) histR_[histPos_] = xr;
// Phase 0 is the exact delay, so the sample under test is read, not convolved.
const int base = (histPos_ - kLimiterOsDelay + kLimiterOsTaps) & (kLimiterOsTaps - 1);
float peak = std::fabs(histL_[base]);
if (stereo) {
const float r0 = std::fabs(histR_[base]);
if (r0 > peak) peak = r0;
}
for (int p = 1; p < kLimiterOversample; ++p) {
float accL = 0.f, accR = 0.f;
for (int k = 0; k < kLimiterOsTaps; ++k) {
const int idx = (histPos_ - k + kLimiterOsTaps) & (kLimiterOsTaps - 1);
accL += osTaps_[p][k] * histL_[idx];
if (stereo) accR += osTaps_[p][k] * histR_[idx];
}
const float al = std::fabs(accL);
if (al > peak) peak = al;
if (stereo) {
const float ar = std::fabs(accR);
if (ar > peak) peak = ar;
}
}
return peak;
}
float Limiter::smoothGain(float target) {
// Sliding minimum over `window_` via a monotonic wedge. Expiring the front BEFORE the push
// is what bounds the wedge to `window_` entries — pushing first can lap the ring.
while (wedgeCount_ > 0 &&
wedgeIdx_[static_cast<std::size_t>(wedgeHead_)] <= pushIndex_ - window_) {
wedgeHead_ = (wedgeHead_ + 1) % window_;
--wedgeCount_;
}
while (wedgeCount_ > 0) {
const int back = (wedgeHead_ + wedgeCount_ - 1) % window_;
if (wedgeVal_[static_cast<std::size_t>(back)] < target) break;
--wedgeCount_;
}
const int slot = (wedgeHead_ + wedgeCount_) % window_;
wedgeVal_[static_cast<std::size_t>(slot)] = target;
wedgeIdx_[static_cast<std::size_t>(slot)] = pushIndex_;
++wedgeCount_;
++pushIndex_;
const float windowMin = wedgeVal_[static_cast<std::size_t>(wedgeHead_)];
// Moving average of the same width over those minima.
avgSum_ += static_cast<double>(windowMin) - static_cast<double>(avgRing_[static_cast<std::size_t>(avgPos_)]);
avgRing_[static_cast<std::size_t>(avgPos_)] = windowMin;
avgPos_ = (avgPos_ + 1 == window_) ? 0 : avgPos_ + 1;
float smoothed = static_cast<float>(avgSum_ / window_);
// Never above unity — the structural form of "no makeup gain, ever", and what makes the
// at-rest gain land on EXACTLY 1.0f after the running sum has been added to and subtracted
// from for hours.
if (!(smoothed < 1.f)) smoothed = 1.f;
// Release: falls with the smoother, rises no faster than the one-pole. Staying at or below
// `smoothed` is what preserves the no-overshoot bound.
if (smoothed < releaseGain_) releaseGain_ = smoothed;
else releaseGain_ += (smoothed - releaseGain_) * releaseCoeff_;
return releaseGain_;
}
float Limiter::process(float* left, float* right, int frames) {
if (!left || frames <= 0 || latency_ <= 0) return 1.f;
const bool want = target_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed);
if (!want && !active_) return 1.f; // settled bypass: not one sample read or written
if (want && !active_) {
// A live engage. Start dry, fill the delay line, then crossfade — so the wet path is
// never silence weighted above zero.
clearState();
active_ = true;
mix_ = 0.f;
primeRemaining_ = latency_;
}
const bool stereo = (right != nullptr);
float blockMin = 1.f;
for (int i = 0; i < frames; ++i) {
const float dryL = left[i];
const float dryR = stereo ? right[i] : 0.f;
const float peak = detectTruePeak(dryL, dryR, stereo);
const float targetGain = peak > ceiling_ ? ceiling_ / peak : 1.f;
const float gain = smoothGain(targetGain);
if (gain < blockMin) blockMin = gain;
const std::size_t slot = static_cast<std::size_t>(delayPos_);
const float wetL = delayL_[slot] * gain;
const float wetR = stereo ? delayR_[slot] * gain : 0.f;
delayL_[slot] = dryL;
if (stereo) delayR_[slot] = dryR;
delayPos_ = (delayPos_ + 1 == latency_) ? 0 : delayPos_ + 1;
// The endpoints are branches rather than blend arithmetic so a settled state is exact:
// dry + (wet - dry) * 1.0f is not wet in floating point. At m <= 0 the buffer is left
// untouched, which is the dry sample already in it.
const float m = mix_;
if (m >= 1.f) {
left[i] = wetL;
if (stereo) right[i] = wetR;
} else if (m > 0.f) {
left[i] = dryL + (wetL - dryL) * m;
if (stereo) right[i] = dryR + (wetR - dryR) * m;
}
if (primeRemaining_ > 0) {
--primeRemaining_;
} else if (want) {
mix_ = (mix_ + mixStep_ >= 1.f) ? 1.f : mix_ + mixStep_;
} else {
mix_ = (mix_ - mixStep_ <= 0.f) ? 0.f : mix_ - mixStep_;
}
}
if (!want && mix_ <= 0.f && primeRemaining_ == 0) active_ = false;
return blockMin;
}
} // namespace reasampler::instrument::engine